Disclosures
What readers should know about interests, methods, and limits — stated once, in full, and linked from every page.
Independence of the record
A study's evidence and scoring stand on their own. Scores, gates, and published records are set by the Standard — the same rules for every subject — and the track record is published whole, hits and misses together, so readers can weigh the research on its record.
Not advice
Everything published here is research and education — not personalised buy/sell advice. Reports present evidence, scores, and track records; they are not recommendations for any individual, and they do not account for any reader's circumstances, objectives, or risk tolerance. Nothing here is an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any security.
Backtested figures
Backtested figures, wherever they appear on this site, are historical studies: each is labelled as backtested, with its date, on the page where it is used. They describe what a stated method would have done over a past period, and they are not a guarantee of future results.
How predictions are handled
Predictions are pre-registered in module ledgers before outcomes can be known and are scored whole — hits and misses in the same scorecard. Figures are re-verified against their sources at publication; anything that cannot be re-verified is marked UNVERIFIED and kept out of rankings. Published studies never change in place; corrections appear as dated, public errata.
Sources and limits
Research is built from public sources — filings, published data, segment transcripts, and published articles. Sources can be wrong, delayed, or revised; where sources conflict, the conflict is disclosed rather than resolved silently. Historical patterns described in studies may not repeat.